Information Age Education Blog


The purpose of David Moursund’s IAE Blog is to encourage and facilitate people working to improve informal and formal education at all levels and in all discipline areas. A unifying theme is that education empowers the educated and improves their quality of life. Readers are encouraged to add comments.
Jun 15
2011

What Should Students Know About History?

Posted by: Dave Moursund

Use of the Information Age Education resources continues to grow. For a list of IAE’s six major resources and data about three of them, go to http://iae-pedia.org/Main_Page.

History is one of eight subjects being covered in the United States national assessment programs. Currently, national testing is being done in math and reading. Not surprisingly, our schools are putting extra effort in preparing students for the math and reading tests.

 

Testing by sampling is being done in civics, economics, history, geography, science, and writing. The June 15, 2011 issue of the Register-Guard (my local newspaper) contained a short articled titled, “U.S. history tough for nation’s students.” The article noted that last spring, a large number of students were tested in history.

Quoting from the article:

U.S. students are less proficient in their nation’s history than in any other subject, according to the results of a nationwide test released Tuesday, with fourth-graders unable to say why Abraham Lincoln was an important figure and few high school seniors able to identify China as the North Korean ally that fought U.S. troops during the Korean war.

History advocates contend that students’ poor showing underlines neglect shown the subject by federal and state policy makers, especially since the 2002 No child Left Behind Act began requiring schools to raise scores in math and reading but not in other subject.

 I am always amused and bothered by such articles. They certainly show how easy it is to criticize our educational system. They also show very little insight into education. For example, there are many billions of historical facts that one might memorize. Why do we single out Abraham Lincoln?

The are various answers, such as that before his presidency, the United States condoned slavery and a large number of people living in this country were slaves. Slavery is a “big, important” idea. Suppose that a student could learn some things about Abraham Lincoln or could learn that slavery was a common thing in our country long before we became the United States and was a major issue "sore point" in writing our Constitution.

Or, consider the fact that China was an ally of North Korea in the Korean war fought against South Korea and a number of its United Nations allies. In this war, several hundred thousand combatants were killed, and about 3 million to 4 million civilians died. What do we want today’s adults to know about this war? Yes, China became a military ally of North Korea as the way progressed.

There are other things an adult citizen in the United States might want to think and know about. For example, South Korea had a number of allies working through the auspices of the United Nations. What is the United Nations and what roles does it play in the world?

 A very large number of combatants were killed or wounded. (See http://koreanwarstuff.com/korean-war-death-toll). Civilian death tolls were much large that military death tolls. “War is hell.” Are there non-war ways to settle disputes?

You can learn more about history as a subject area in schools at the IAE Website: http://iae-pedia.org/Digital_Filing_Cabinet/Secondary_School_History.

 

Comments (2)Add Comment
davem
Key ideas in studying history.
written by davem, June 15, 2011
Many people think of history as a "memorize and regurgitate" subject. Wel, it is often taught that way. But, that is a vry poor way to teach this important subject.

The following is quoted from the IAE Website

http://iae-pedia.org/Digital_F...ol_History[img=[quote][/quote]]

Four of the big ideas in history education are causality, legacy, responsibility, and investigation. Here is some material about investigation from the reference http://www.tcrecord.org/Conten...ntID=12723:

Historians have long defined history as investigation, casting themselves in the role of detectives seeking plausible explanations for historical events, trends, and controversies. Conducting historical inquiries demands knowledge, skill and “a modicum of irreverence toward the received wisdom” because “if you are willing to accept unquestioningly what ‘everyone’ says, then the story is over before the investigation begins.” Unfortunately, for most students study ing history in our schools, the story is over before the investigation begins. Rarely do we find history classrooms defined by the detective’s love of a good mystery or passion to tease out the story, context, or causation from available evidence. Rarer still is the “modicum of irreverence toward received wisdom” as school history appears to be shaped by the assumption that “students learn best and most usefully . . . [when] being asked to master the conclusions of scholars about questions the students only dimly comprehend.” In reversing the historian’s logic of questions and answers, texts and teachers first definitively and confidently provide answers and then pose the questions. Suspicions are rarely raised, except the suspicion that the students have not yet mastered the facts found in the texts and classroom’s materials.

davem
What to memorize versus what it "look up."
written by davem, June 15, 2011
If we go back before reading and writing became common, "oral tradition" was the way information was stored, retrieved, and used. The development of the movable type printing press helped to change that. Now we have millions of printed books, newspapers, magazines, and other documents in storage, and we are making progress toward making these available electronically.

Electronic storage and retrieval of information is quickly changing the world.As a tiny example, my wife and I frequently go out for "brunch." She always brings her iPad. Our discussions frequently lead to one or both of us wanting more information about a topic.

A few key strokes and a little decision making about which of the "hits" to pursue, and we are able to access far more information than our combined memorized about the topic.

One key idea here is the easy portability of devices to access the Web. A second is that we have an education that allows us to find what we want to find on the Web, read it, understand what it says, and integrate it into our conversation.

Authentic education and authentic assessment needs to recognize this "brunch" story as "this is the way the world is." It is great (fun) to have some memorized facts. It is much greater (much more useful) to be able to quickly access and make use of the many billions of pieces of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom stored on the Web and in other electronic libraries.



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