This free Information Age Education Newsletter is written by David
Moursund and produced by Ken Loge. For more information, see the end of
this newsletter.
“Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least
in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made
generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to
all on the basis of merit.” (Article 26 of the December 10, 1948 United
Nations document: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.)
During the past 60 years, the world has made significant progress
toward achieving these global educational goals. However, there is
still a long way to go.
Meanwhile, there has been a steady
growth in needs for a still higher level of universal education. Part
of this is because improvements in transportation and communication
have made the world “smaller.” Or, as Thomas Friedman puts it, the
playing field has become flatter. There is steadily increasing
international competition for jobs. See
http://iae-pedia.org/College_Student%E2%80%99s_Guide_to_Computers_in_Education/Chapter_2:_Inventing_Your_Future.
Part
of the need for still more education is due to the rapid growth in the
totality of human knowledge. Many of us already suffer from Information
Overload. At the same time, we all suffer from Information
Underload—not enough of the “findable and understandable” right
information at the right time. (See
http://iae-pedia.org/Information_Underload_and_Overload.)
Thus, one major goal in education is to help students gain ICT and
information retrieval knowledge and skills to help represent and solve
problems in the various disciplines they study. (See
http://iae-pedia.org/Problem_Solving.)
Books and Education
Most of us have heard the story about Abraham Lincoln (February 12,
1809–April 15, 1865) that is captured in the following quote from The
New York Times, September 28, 1901.
How did Lincoln acquire his
education? When, in 1819, his father had settled at Pigeon Creek, in
Indiana, and had built a rough log cabin, Lincoln went to the village
school for a few weeks. During his whole life he never was altogether
more than four months at school. At Gentryville Abraham’s father ran up
another log house, and in it there was a big fireplace, and here the
lad would light a fire. He would lie down flat on the floor, before the
hearth, and thus resting on his stomach his head upon his hand, he
would read and study. There was no writing paper. Fortunately, there
was a large wooden shovel. On this he would write, using a bit of
charcoal. When the shovel was covered over with this copy, Lincoln
would scrape it clear with his knife and begin over again.
The quote given above indicates that Lincoln was largely self-educated. (The Wikipedia article at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
states that he had 18 months of formal schooling.) Lincoln was an avid
reader and was able to gain access to books. Note that there were no
free public libraries in the United States during Lincoln’s childhood.
However, a variety of people and organizations had small private
collections that he could borrow from. The Carnegie-funded public
libraries, beginning in 1890, vastly expanded the availability of pubic
libraries in the United States.
Now, of course, we take it for
granted that children can easily gain access to books. However, even
now many children in the United States grow up in homes in which there
are very few or no books. It is still common for projects to be
implemented that lead to providing some free books to children in such
home environments.
Learning to read opens the doors to formal
education and to self-education. The initial learning to read can occur
through formal schooling and/or through home schooling. A third grade
level of reading skill provides a sufficient start for many students to
begin to make serious progress in reading to learn.
Roles of Computer Technology
In terms of informal and formal education, computer technology is doing two major things.
- It is making the world’s largest library readily available to a
steadily increasing fraction of the world’s people. This is a new type
of library with the built-in capabilities to solve a wide range of
problems.
- It is making multimedia interactive aids to
learning available to a steadily increasing fraction of the world’s
people.
The future of these trends seems very clear to me. The
world now has the technological knowledge and skills to provide every
student in the world with connectivity to the Web (the world’s larges
library) and to each other (telephone, text messaging, email). We have
the knowledge and skills to develop highly interactive intelligent
computer-assisted learning (HIICAL) materials that are usable by
students of all ages, including people who are just beginning to try to
learn to read. (Voice input is steadily improving.)
To ground
this possible future in current reality, the total number of cell
phones in the world will be approximately one for every two people on
earth by the end of year 2010. Perhaps 20% of the total, and a much
higher percentage of the newer cell phones, are designed to access the
Web. Thus, it is easy to see that the world has the ability to provide
every student with Web, telephone, and email connectivity.
Many
people and organizations are already providing free instructional
materials on the Web. A particularly “bright spot” on the horizon is
President Obama’s proposal to commit $500 million to the development of
hybrid-type HIICAL open source courseware for use at the high school
and community college level. See:
http://chronicle.com/article/Obamas-Great-Course-Giveaway/47530/?sid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en.
David Moursund’s Visionary Declaration of Human Education Rights
Here
is my vision. It can be viewed as an extension of the United Nations
statement at the beginning of this Newsletter. It is based on a
worldwide need for more education, the steadily increasing availability
of electronic multimedia documents, and the steady improvement in
computer-based aids to student learning. My purpose in this section is
to promote (and provoke) careful thinking and continuing discussion of
some of the big issues in education throughout the world.
Free
(public-funded) education should be available to every person on earth,
Kindergarten up through the 14th grade. This education should include
routine access to Web and other sources of content, email, and
telephonic connectivity. It should include routine access to highly
interactive intelligent computer assisted learning materials in all
curriculum areas that are routinely taught at these grade levels. It
should also reflect the fact that education is a human endeavor and is
substantially enhanced by appropriate and continuing interaction with
and help from parents, grandparents, siblings, and other childcare
providers, and by well-qualified human teachers. (David Moursund.)
Above
the 14th grade, education should continue to be available and free to
students who have the needed innate and developed ability and mental
maturity, and who demonstrate a major and continuing commitment to take
good advantage of the education.
This visionary statement lacks many important details. For example:
- Careful thought needs to be given to the mandatory level of educational
achievement or age of student choice for school leaving. The free
schooling should be available throughout one’s lifetime, and many may
decide for early school leaving and later return to school.
- Education needs to be balanced amount the personal needs and abilities
of the student, the current and potential needs of the student as a
contributing member of society (responsible citizenship, job,
homemaker, voter, etc.) and the needs of the student’s culture,
country, and world.
- The availability, and quality of HIICAL
will steadily improve in the years to come. This will facilitate some
possible major changes in the roles of humans (parents, grandparents,
siblings, and other childcare providers, and by well-qualified human
teachers) in education. In addition, continuing improvements in the
capability of ICT tools will facilitate some possible major changes in
the content of curriculum. Taken together, these types of possible
changes will prove to be a major challenge to our informal and formal
education systems.
About Information Age
Education, Inc.
Information Age Education is a non-profit organization
dedicated to
improving education for learners of all ages throughout the world. IAE
is a project of the Science Factory, a 501(c)(3) science and technology
museum located in Eugene, Oregon. Current IAE activities include a Wiki
with address http://IAE-pedia.org,
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